The PreFetch is a feature (only available when using Quasar CLI) which allows the components picked up by Vue Router (defined in /src/router/routes.js) to:

• pre-fetch data
• validate the route
• redirect to another route, when some conditions aren’t met (like user isn’t logged in)
• can help in initializing the Store state

All the above will run before the actual route component is rendered.

It is designed to work with all Quasar modes (SPA, PWA, SSR, Cordova, Electron), but it is especially useful for SSR builds.

Installation

return {
  preFetch: true
}

How PreFetch Helps SSR Mode

This feature is especially useful for the SSR mode (but not limited to it only). During SSR, we are essentially rendering a “snapshot” of our app, so if the app relies on some asynchronous data, then this data needs to be pre-fetched and resolved before we start the rendering process.

Another concern is that on the client, the same data needs to be available before we mount the client side app - otherwise the client app would render using a different state and the hydration would fail.

To address this, the fetched data needs to live outside the view components, in a dedicated data store, or a “state container”. On the server, we can pre-fetch and fill data into the store before rendering. The client-side store will directly pick up the server state before we mount the app.

When PreFetch Gets Activated

The preFetch hook (described in next sections) is determined by the route visited - which also determines what components are rendered. In fact, the data needed for a given route is also the data needed by the components rendered at that route. So it is natural (and also required) to place the hook logic ONLY inside route components. This includes /src/App.vue, which in this case will run only once at the app bootup.

Let’s take an example in order to understand when the hook is being called. Let’s say we have these routes and we’ve written preFetch hooks for all these components:

[
  {
    path: '/',
    component: LandingPage
  },
  {
    path: '/shop',
    component: ShopLayout,
    children: [
      {
        path: 'all',
        component: ShopAll
      },
      {
        path: 'new',
        component: ShopNew
      },
      {
        path: 'product/:name',
        component: ShopProduct,
        children: [{
          path: 'overview',
          component: ShopProductOverview
        }]
      }
    ]
  }
]

Now, let’s see how the hooks are called when the user visits these routes in the order specified below, one after another.

Usage

The hook is defined as a custom static function called preFetch on our route components. Note that because this function will be called before the components are instantiated, it doesn’t have access to this.

Example below is when using Vuex:

<template>
  <div>{{ item.title }}</div>
</template>

<script>
import { useStore } from 'vuex'

export default {
  // our hook here
  preFetch ({ store, currentRoute, previousRoute, redirect, ssrContext, urlPath, publicPath }) {
    // fetch data, validate route and optionally redirect to some other route...

    // ssrContext is available only server-side in SSR mode

    // No access to "this" here

    // Return a Promise if you are running an async job
    // Example:
    return store.dispatch('fetchItem', currentRoute.params.id)
  },

  setup () {
    const $store = useStore()

    // display the item from store state.
    const item = computed(() => $store.state.items[this.$route.params.id])

    return { item }
  }
}
</script>

If you are using <script setup> (and Vue 3.3+):

<script setup>
/**
 * The defineOptions is a macro.
 * The options will be hoisted to module scope and cannot access local
 * variables in <script setup> that are not literal constants.
 */
defineOptions({
  preFetch () {
    console.log('running preFetch')
  }
})
</script>

// related action for Promise example
// ...

actions: {
  fetchItem ({ commit }, id) {
    return axiosInstance.get(url, id).then(({ data }) => {
      commit('mutation', data)
    })
  }
}

// ...

Redirecting Example

Below is an example of redirecting the user under some circumstances, like when they try to access a page that only an authenticated user should see.

// We assume here we already wrote the authentication logic
// in the Vuex Store, so take as a high-level example only.
preFetch ({ store, redirect }) {
  if (!store.state.authenticated) {
    redirect({ path: '/login' })
  }
}

By default, redirect occurs with a status response code of 302, but we can pass this status code as the second optional parameter when calling the function, like this:

redirect({ path: '/moved-permanently' }, 301)

If redirect(false) is called (supported only on client-side!), it aborts the current route navigation. Note that if you use it like this in src/App.vue it will halt the app bootup, which is undesirable.

The redirect() method requires a Vue Router location Object.

Using preFetch to Initialize Pinia or Vuex Store(s)

The preFetch hook runs only once, when the app boots up, so you can use this opportunity to initialize the Pinia store(s) or the Vuex Store here.

// App.vue - handling Pinia stores
// example with a store named "myStore"
// placed in /src/stores/myStore.js|ts

import { useMyStore } from 'stores/myStore'

export default {
  // ...
  preFetch () {
    const myStore = useMyStore()
    // do something with myStore
  }
}

export default {
  // ...
  preFetch ({ store }) {
    // initialize something in store here
  }
}

Vuex Store Code Splitting

In a large application, your Vuex store will likely be split into multiple modules. Of course, it is also possible to code-split these modules into corresponding route component chunks. Suppose we have the following store module:

// we've merged everything into one file here;
// an initialized Quasar project splits every component of a Vuex module
// into separate files, but for the sake of the example
// here in the docs, we show this module as a single file

export default {
  namespaced: true,
  // IMPORTANT: state must be a function so the module can be
  // instantiated multiple times
  state: () => ({
    count: 0
  }),
  actions: {
    inc: ({ commit }) => commit('inc')
  },
  mutations: {
    inc: state => state.count++
  }
}

Now, we can use store.registerModule() to lazy-register this module in a route component’s preFetch() hook:

<template>
  <div>{{ fooCount }}</div>
</template>

<script>
import { useStore } from 'vuex'
import { onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue'

// import the module here instead of in `src/store/index.js`
import fooStoreModule from 'store/foo'

export default {
  preFetch ({ store }) {
    store.registerModule('foo', fooStoreModule)
    return store.dispatch('foo/inc')
  },

  setup () {
    const $store = useStore()

    onMounted(() => {
      // Preserve the previous state if it was injected from the server
      $store.registerModule('foo', fooStoreModule, { preserveState: true })
    })

    onUnmounted(() => {
      // IMPORTANT: avoid duplicate module registration on the client
      // when the route is visited multiple times.
      $store.unregisterModule('foo')
    })

    const fooCount = computed(() => {
      return $store.state.foo.count
    })

    return {
      fooCount
    }
  }
}
</script>

Also note that because the module is now a dependency of the route component, it will be moved into the route component’s async chunk by Vite.

Usage with Vuex and TypeScript

You can use preFetch helper to type-hint the store parameter (which will otherwise have an any type):

import { preFetch } from 'quasar/wrappers'
import { Store } from 'vuex'

interface StateInterface {
  // ...
}

export default {
  preFetch: preFetch<StateInterface>(({ store }) => {
    // Do something with your newly-typed store parameter
  }),
}

Loading State

A good UX includes notifying the user that something is being worked on in the background while he/she waits for the page to be ready. Quasar CLI offers two options for this out of the box.

LoadingBar

When you add Quasar LoadingBar plugin to your app, Quasar CLI will use it while it runs the preFetch hooks by default.

Loading

There’s also the possibility to use Quasar Loading plugin. Here’s an example:

import { Loading } from 'quasar'

export default {
  // ...
  preFetch ({ /* ... */ }) {
    Loading.show()

    return new Promise(resolve => {
      // do something async here
      // then call "resolve()"
    }).then(() => {
      Loading.hide()
    })
  }
}